|
|
Return to Terminology
M
- Mach
- Number Ratio of the velocity of a body to that of Soundin the same medium. A plane traveling at Mach 3.0 is traveling
at three time the speed of sound.
- Mach Wave
- Supersonic shock wave.
- Magazine
- Any building, structure, or container, other than an
explosives manufacturing building, approved for the storage of explosive material.
- Magnesium
- Magnesium (Mg) is a metallic element, discovered as an oxide
by Sir Humphrey Davy in 1808. A ductile, silver-white, chemically active Alkaline-Earth Metal, it is the eighth most abundant
element in the earth's crust. Its commercial uses include lightweight alloys in aircraft
fuselages, jet-engine parts, rockets and missiles, cameras, and optical instruments. The
metal is used in pyrotechnics. Magnesium is found in plant chlorophyll and is necessary in
the diet of animals and humans. Element ; Periodic Table.
- Magnetic Resonance
- Magnetic resonance in physics and chemistry refers to the
phenomenon produced by simultaneously applying a steady magnetic field and Electromagnetic Radiation (usually radio waves) to a
sample of atoms and then adjusting the frequency of the radiation and the strength of the
magnetic field to produce absorption of the radiation. The resonance refers to the
enhancement of the absorption that occurs when the correct combination of field and
frequency is reached. Most magnetic resonance phenomena depend on the fact that both the
proton and the electron behave like microscopic magnets—a property that can be
ascribed to an intrinsic rotation, or spin. Types of magnetic resonance include electron
paramagnetic resonance (EPR), involving the magnetic effect of electrons, and nuclear
magnetic resonance (NMR), involving the magnetic effects of protons and neutrons in the
nuclei of atoms. The NMR resonant frequency provides information about the molecular
material in which the nuclei reside, and NMR is used in chemistry and physics to analyze
samples of solids and liquids, as well as in medicine to analyze tissues removed from the
body. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a noninvasive diagnostic technique that uses NMR
to detect and analyze changes in body structure and function. The patient is placed in the
field of an electromagnet, which causes the nuclei of certain atoms in the body
(especially those of hydrogen)
to align magnetically. The patient is then subjected to radio waves, which cause the
aligned nuclei to “flip”; when the radio waves are withdrawn the nuclei return
to their original positions, emitting radio waves that are then detected by a receiver and
analyzed by computer. Unhampered by bone and capable of producing images in a variety of
planes, MRI is used in the diagnosis of brain tumors and disorders, spinal disorders,
multiple sclerosis, and cardiovascular disease. The procedure is considered to be without
risk to the patient.
- Magnetism
|
Magnetism is the Force of attraction or repulsion between various substances,
especially those containing iron and certain other metals, such as nickel and cobalt;
ultimately it is due to the motion of electric charges. Any object that exhibits magnetic
properties is called a magnet. An ordinary magnet has two poles where the magnetic forces
are the strongest; these poles are designated as a north (north-seeking) pole and a south
(south-seeking) pole, because a magnet freely rotating in the earth's magnetic field tends
to orient itself along a north-south line. The like poles of different magnets repel each
other, and the unlike poles attract each other. Whenever a magnet is broken, a north pole
appears at one of the broken faces and a south pole at the other, such that each piece has
its own north and south poles. In the 18th century Charles Coulomb found that the magnetic
forces of attraction and repulsion are directly proportional to the product of the
strengths of the poles and inversely proportional to the square of the distances between
them. As with electric charges, the effect of this magnetic force acting at a distance is
expressed in terms of a field of force. A picture of the magnetic field lines can be
obtained by placing a piece of paper over a magnet and sprinkling iron filings on it. The
individual pieces of iron become magnetized by entering a magnetic field, i.e., they act
like tiny magnets, lining themselves up along the magnetic field lines. The connection
between magnetism and Electricity was discovered in the early
19th century. Hans Oersted found (1820) that a wire carrying an electrical current
deflects the needle of a magnetic compass because a magnetic field is created by the
moving electric charges constituting the current. André Ampere showed (1825) that magnets
exert forces on current-carrying conductors. In 1831 Michael Faraday and Joseph Henry
independently discovered electromagnetic Induction—the
production of a current in a conductor by a change in the magnetic field around it. The
magnetic properties of matter are also explained by the motion of charges. Because the
electron has both an electric charge and a spin, it can be considered a charge in motion,
giving rise to a tiny magnetic field. In many atoms, all the electrons are paired within
energy levels, so that the electrons in each pair have opposite (antiparallel) spins, and
their magnetic fields cancel. In some atoms there are more electrons with spins in one
direction than the other, resulting in a net magnetic field for the atom as a whole.
Placed in an external field, the individual atoms will tend to align their fields with the
external one. Because of thermal vibrations the alignment is not complete, and materials,
called paramagnetic substances, that contain such atoms react only weakly to a magnetic
field. Materials such as iron, nickel, or cobalt that respond strongly to a magnetic field
are called ferromagnetic. In a ferromagnetic substance there are also more electrons with
spins in one direction than in the other. The individual magnetic fields of the atoms in a
given region, called a domain, tend to line up in one direction, so that they reinforce
each other. Materials such as bismuth and antimony that are repelled by a magnetic field
are called diamagnetic. In a diamagnetic substance, an external magnetic field accelerates
the electrons moving in one direction and retards those moving in the opposite direction;
this situation produces an induced magnetization opposite indirection to the external
field. Also Electromagnet; Electromagnetic Radiation. |
- Magnetohydrodynamics
- Magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) is the study of the motions of
electrically conducting fluids and their interactions with magnetic fields. The principles
of magnetohydrodynamics are of particular importance in Plasma
physics.
- Magnitude
- In astronomy magnitude is a measure of the brightness of a
celestial object. Apparent magnitude is that determined on the basis of an object's
relative brightness as seen from the earth. Objects differing by one magnitude differ in
brightness by a factor of 2.512 (the 5th root of 100). The brightest stars have a
magnitude of about +1; the sun's magnitude is -26.8. Absolute magnitude, a measure of the
intrinsic luminosity, or true brightness, of an object, is the apparent magnitude an
object would have if located at a standard distance of 10 Parsecs.
- Magnus Force
- 1) Force normal to the plane of yaw caused by the spin.
- 2) Force arising from interaction of a spinning body and the
wind stream when the body is yawing.
- Magnus Force - Center Of
- Vanishing point of Magnus moment.
- Main Explosive Charge
- The explosive material that performs the major work of
blasting.
- Manhattan Project
- The Manhattan Project was the wartime effort to design and
build the first nuclear weapons (Atomic
Bomb). A $2-billion effort, centered at Oak Ridge, Tenn., and Hanford, Wash., was
required to obtain sufficient amounts of the two necessary isotopes, uranium-235 and
plutonium-239. The design and building of the bombs took place at Los Alamos, N.Mex.,
where J. Robert Oppenheimer directed a large group of American and European-refugee
scientists. Following the test explosion of a plutonium device on July 16, 1945, near
Alamogordo, N.Mex., a uranium bomb and a plutonium bomb were dropped on, respectively,
Hiroshima (Aug. 6) and Nagasaki (Aug. 9).
- Manufacturing Codes
- Code markings stamped on explosive materials packages,
indicating, among other information, the date of manufacture.
- MASER
- An acronym for (microwave amplification by stimulated emission
of radiation), device, first operated in 1954, for the creation and amplification of
high-frequency radio waves. The waves produced by the maser are coherent, i.e., all of the
same frequency, direction, and phase relationship. Used as an oscillator, the maser
provides a very sharp, constant signal and thus serves as a time standard for atomic
clocks. The maser can also serve as a relatively noise-free amplifier. The optical maser
is now called a Laser.
- Mass
- Mass in physics is the quantity of matter in a body regardless
of its volume or of any forces acting on it. There are two ways of referring to mass,
depending on the laws of physics defining it. The gravitational mass of a body may be
determined by comparing the body on a beam balance with a set of standard masses; in this
way the gravitational factor is eliminated ( Gravitation; Weight). The inertial mass of a body is a measure of the body's
resistance to acceleration by some external force. All evidence seems to indicate that the
gravitational and inertial masses are equal. According to the special theory of Relativity, mass increases with speed according to the formula m =
m0/Ö1-v2/c2, where m0 is the rest mass (mass at zero
velocity) of the body, v its speed, and c the speed of light in vacuum. The theory also
leads to the Einstein mass-energy relation E = mc2, where E is the energy and m
the relativistic mass.
- Mass Detonate (Mass Explode)
- Explosive materials mass detonate (mass explode) when a unit
or any part of a larger quantity of explosive material explodes and causes all or a
substantial part of the remaining material to detonate or explode simultaneously. With
respect to detonators, “a substantial part” means 90% or more.
- Mass Explosion Risk
- Material to be added.
- Mass Number
- Mass number is represented by the symbol A, the total number
of nucleons ( Neutons and Protons)
in the nucleus of an Atom. All atoms of a chemical Element have the same Atomic Number
but may have different mass numbers (from having different numbers of neutrons in the
nucleus). Atoms of an element with the same mass number make up an Isotope
of the element. Isotopes of different elements may have the same mass number but different
numbers of protons.
- Mass Ratio
- The ratio of the initial mass of the propellant to the mass of
the complete rocket motor.
- Matter
- Matter is anything that has mass. Because of its mass, all
matter has Weight, if it is in a gravitational field, and Inertia. The three common States Of Matter
are solid, liquid, and gas; scientists also recognize a fourth, Plasma.
Ordinary matter consists of Atoms and Molecules.
See also Element; Elementary
Particles.
- Maximum Pressure
- The maximum value of the pressure exerted by the propellant
gases on the walls of a gun during the firing of the round.
- Maximum Recommended Firing Current
- The highest recommended electric current to ensure safe and
effective performance of an electric detonator.
- Maximum Sky Brightness
- Worst possible sky condition for observing pyrotechnic
signals; usually uniform clouds or overcast.
- Mean Or Average Mean
- Unless otherwise specified, this is the arithmetic mean of the
observations. A measure of the variability or dispersion of a number of observations.
- Mechanical Entry
- The utilization of mechanical equipment such as hooligan
tools, glass cutters, saws, rams, pressurized jaws, etc., to facilitate entry through a
conventional or non-conventional breach point.
- Mechanics
- Mechanics is a branch of physics concerned with Motion and the Forces causing it. The
field includes the study of the mechanical properties of matter, such as Density, Elasticity ( Strength Of Materials),
and Viscosity. Mechanics is divided into Statics, which deals with bodies at
rest or in equilibrium, and Dynamics, which deals with
bodies in motion. Isaac Newton, who derived three laws of
motion and the law of universal Gravitation, was the founder
of modern mechanics. For bodies moving at speeds close to that of light, Newtonian
mechanics is superseded by the theory of Relativity, and for
the study of very small objects, such as Elementary Particles,
Quantum Theory is used.
- Median
- The halfway point in the measurements when they have been
arranged in order of size.
- Melt Loading
- Process of loading an explosive device by melting the
explosive and allowing it to solidify in the device.
- Melting Point
- Melting point, temperature at which a substance changes its
state from solid to liquid (see States Of Matter). Under
standard atmospheric pressure, different pure crystalline solids will each melt at a
different specific temperature; thus melting point is a characteristic of a substance and
can be used to identify it. The quantity of heat necessary to change 1 gram of any
substance from solid to liquid at its melting point is known as its latent heat of fusion.
- Meplat
- Flat nose.
- Mercury Fulminate
- Sensitive explosive that is detonated by friction, impact or
heat. Its military uses have been taken over to a large extent by lead azide because of
the poor stability of mercury fulminate at elevated temperatures.
- Metal
- A chemical Element displaying
certain properties, notably metallic luster, the capacity to lose electrons and form a
positive Ion, and the ability to conduct heat and electricity ( Conduction), by which it is normally distinguished from a
nonmetal. The metals comprise about two thirds of the known elements. Some elements, e.g.,
arsenic and antimony, exhibit both metallic and nonmetallic properties, and are called
metalloids. Metals fall into groups in the Periodic Table
determined by similar arrangements of the orbital electrons and a consequent similarity in
chemical properties. Such groups include the Alkali Metals
(Group la in the periodic table), the Alkaline - Earth Metals
(Group IIa), and the Rare - Earth Metals ( Lanthanide and Actinide series).
Most metals other than the alkali metals and the alkaline-earth
metals are called transition metals ( TransitionElements). The oxidation states, or Valence,
of the metal ions vary from +1 for the alkali metals to +7 for some transition metals.
Chemically, the metals differ from the nonmetals in that they form positive ions and basic
oxides and hydroxides. Upon exposure to moist air, a great many metals undergo corrosion,
i.e., enter into a chemical reaction, the oxygen of the atmosphere uniting with the metal
to form the oxide of the metal, e.g., rust on exposed iron.
- Metal Fouling
- Deposit of metal in the bore of a gun, from the jackets or
rotating bands of projectiles.
- Metallized
- In respect of blasting agents, sensitized or boostered with
metal powders or granules (usually aluminum or ferrosilicon), to yield more energy.
- Methane
- Methane (CH4) is a colorless, odorless, gaseous Hydrocarbon formed by the decay of plant and animal matter. It
occurs naturally as the chief component of Natural Gas, as
the firedamp of coal mines, and as the marsh gas released in swamps and marshes. Methane
can also be made synthetically by various means. It is combustible and can form explosive
mixtures with air. Used for fuel in the form of natural gas, methane is also an important
starting material for making solvents and certain Freons.
- Methanol
- Methanol, or methyl alcohol or wood alcohol (CH3OH),
a colorless, flammable liquid and the simplest Alcohol. Methanol is a fatal poison.
Small internal doses, prolonged exposure of the skin to the liquid, or continued
inhalation of the vapor may cause blindness. It can be obtained from wood, but now is made
synthetically from the direct combination of hydrogen and carbon monoxide gases. Methanol
is used to make Formaldehyde, as a solvent, and as an Antifreeze.
- Metric System
- SI System
- CGS System - centimeter / gram / second
- MKS System - meter / kilogram / second
- The metric system is a system of weights and measures planned
in France and adopted there in 1799. Now used by most of the technologically developed
countries of the world, it is based on a unit of length called the meter (m) and a unit of
mass called the kilogram (kg). The meter is now defined in terms of a reproducible,
universally available atomic standard, being equal to 1,650,763.73 wavelengths of the
red-orange light given off by the krypton-86 isotope under certain conditions. The
kilogram is defined as the mass of the International Prototype Kilogram, a
platinum-iridium cylinder kept at Sèvres, France, near Paris. Other metric units can be
defined in terms of the meter and the kilogram. Fractions and multiples of the metric
units are related to each other by powers of 10, allowing conversion from one unit to a
multiple of it simply by shifting a decimal point. This avoids the lengthy arithmetical
operations required by the English Units Of Measurement. The
prefixes in the accompanying table have been accepted for designating multiples and
fractions of the meter, the gram (= 1/1000 kilogram), and other units. Several other
systems of units based on the metric system have been in wide use. The cgs system uses the
centimeter (= 1/100 meter) of length, the gram of mass, and the Second
of time as its fundamental units; other cgs units are the dyne of Force
and the erg of Work or energy. The mks system uses the meter of length, the kilogram of
mass, and the second of time as its fundamental units; other mks units include the newton
of force, the joule of work or energy, and the watt of Power.
The units of the mks system are generally much larger and of a more practical size than
the comparable units of the cgs system. Electric and Magnetism have been defined for both these systems. The
International System of Units (officially called the Système International d'Unités, or
SI) is a system of units adopted by the 11th General Conference on Weights and Measures
(1960). Its basic units of length, mass, and time are those of the mks system; other basic
units are the Ampere of electric current, the kelvin of
temperature (a degree of temperature measured on the Kelvin Temperature
scale), the candela ( Photometry) of luminous intensity,
and the Mole, used to measure the amount of a substance
present. All other units are derived from these basic units.
- Microelectronics
- The branch of Electronics devoted to the design and
development of extremely small electronic devices that consume very little electric power.
The simplest, but least effective, approach used is to make circuit elements, such as
resistors ( Resistance), Capacitors, and Semiconductor
devices, extremely small but discrete. In another approach, circuit elements fabricated as
thin films of conductive, semiconductive, and insulating materials are deposited in
sandwich form on an insulating substrate. The most advanced method is to form circuits,
called Integrated Circuits, within and upon single semiconductor crystals. Also Transistor.
- Micrometer
- An instrument used for measuring extremely small distances. In
the micrometer caliper, the object to be measured is held between the two jaws of the
instrument; the distance between the jaws is measured on a scale calibrated to the
rotation of the finely threaded screw that moves one of the jaws. In astronomical and
microscopic micrometers, the distance that a filament moves from one end to the other of
the image of an object is read on a calibrated scale.
- Micron
- One micron equals 10-4 cm or may also be expressed
as 10-6 meters..
- A unit of length, the thousandth part of one millimeter. A
particle of diameter between 0.01 and 0 0001 millimeter.
- Microphone
- A device (invented c.1877) used in radio broadcasting,
recording, and sound-amplifying systems to convert sound into electrical energy. Its basic
component is a flexible diaphragm that responds to the pressure or particle velocity of
sound waves. In a Capacitor, or condenser, microphone, used in high-quality sound systems,
two parallel metal plates are given opposite electrical charges. One of the plates is
attached to the diaphragm and moves in response to its vibrations, generating a varying
voltage. Also Telephone.
- Microsecond
- One millionth of a second, 10-6 second, expressed
as msec.
- Microwave
- Microwave, Electromagnetic
Radiation having a frequency range from 1,000 to 300,000 megahertz, corresponding
to a wavelength range from 300 to 1 mm (about 12 to about 0.04 in.). Microwaves are used
in Microwave Ovens, Radar, and communications links spanning
moderate distances.
- Mild Detonating Fuze (MDF)
- A flexible metal tube, usually lead, containing a much smaller
core of high explosive than the normal detonating cord. More accurately - miniature
detonating fuse.
- Millisecond
- One thousandth of a second, 10-3 second, expressed
as msec.
- Mine
- An encased explosive or chemical charge designed to be placed
in position so that it detonates when its target touches it or moves in the vicinity.
- Miniaturized Detonating Cord
- Detonating cord with a core load of 5 or less grains of
explosive per foot.
- Minimum Recommended Firing Current
- The lowest recommended electric current to ensure reliable
performance of an electric detonator.
- Minimum Gap Sensitivity
- An air gap, measured in inches, that determines whether the
explosive material is within specific tolerances for gap sensitivity.
- Mirror
- In optics, a reflecting surface that forms an image of an
object when light rays coming from that object fall upon it Reflection.
A plane mirror, which has a flat reflecting surface, reflects a beam of light without
changing its character. In a convex spherical mirror, the vertex, or midpoint, of the
mirror is nearer to the object than the edges, and parallel rays from a light source
diverge after reflection. In a concave mirror, the vertex is farther away from the object
than the edges, and rays parallel to the principal axis are reflected to a single point,
or principal focus. A concave parabolic mirror is the principal element of a reflecting
telescope.
- Misfire
- 1) Failure to fire or explode properly.
- 2) Failure of a primer or the propelling charge of a
projectile to function, wholly or in part. Misfire may be contrasted with hangfire, which
is delay in any part of a firing charge. Misfires are usually difficult and dangerous to
resolve. Misfires must be treated with respect.
- Missile
- Any object thrown, dropped, fired, launched or otherwise
projected with the purpose of striking a target. Short for "ballistic missile",
"guided missile." (Missile is loosely used as a synonym for "rocket"
or “spacecraft” by some careless writers.)
- Misznay-Shardin
- A type of shaped charge, an explosive charge with special
penetrating effects. (Material to be added.)
- Mockup
- A model (often crude) for study or training.
- Mode
- The most frequent value in a series of measurements.
- Modulation
 |
Modulation, in communications,
process in which some characteristic of a Wave (the carrier
wave) is made to vary in accordance with an information-bearing signal wave (the
modulating wave); demodulation is the process by which the original signal is recovered
from the wave produced by modulation. In modulation the carrier wave is generated or
processed so that its amplitude, frequency, or some other property varies. Amplitude
modulation (AM), widely used in radio, is constant in frequency and varies the intensity,
or amplitude, of the carrier wave in accordance with the modulating signal. Frequency
modulation (FM) is constant in amplitude and varies the frequency of the carrier wave in
such a way that the change in frequency at any instant is proportional to another
time-varying signal. The principal application of FM is also in radio, where it offers
increased noise immunity and greater sound fidelity at the expense of greatly increased
bandwidth. In pulse modulation the carrier wave is a series of pulses that are all of the
same amplitude and width and are all equally spaced. By controlling one of these three
variables, a modulating wave may impress its information on the pulses. In pulse code
modulation (PCM) it is the presence or absence of particular pulses in the carrier stream
that constitutes the modulation. |
- M.O.E.
- Method Of Entry
- Mohaupt Effect
- The effect of a metal liner introduced in a shaped charge to
increase penetration. Generally incorporated in Heat
ammunition. Munroe Effect.
- Mole
- A mole in chemistry is a quantity of particles of any type
equal to Avogadro's number (6.02252 × 1023). One gram-atomic weight (or one
gram-molecular weight)—the amount of anatomic (or molecular) substance whose weight
in grams is numerically equal to the Atomic Weight (or Molecular Weight) of that substance—contains exactly one mole
of atoms (or molecules). For example, one mole, or 12.011 grams, of carbon contains
6.02252 × 1023 carbon atoms, and one mole, or 180.16 grams, of glucose (C6H12O6)
contains the same number of glucose molecules.
- Molecular Weight
- Molecular weight is the weight of a Molecule
of a substance expressed in atomic mass units ( Atomic Weight).
The molecular weight is the sum of the atomic weights of the atoms making up the molecule.
- Molecule
- A molecule is the smallest particle of a Compound that has all the chemical properties of that compound.
Molecules are made up of two or more Atoms, either of the same Element or of two or more different elements. Ionic compounds,
such as common salt, are made up not of molecules but of ions arranged in a crystalline
structure ( Crystal). Unlike Ions,
molecules carry no electrical charge. Molecules differ in size and Molecular
Weight as well as in structure ( Isomer).
- Momentum
- Momentum in mechanics is the quantity of Motion
of a body. The linear momentum of a body is the product of its mass and velocity. The
angular momentum of a body rotating about a point is equal to the product of its mass, its
angular velocity, and the square of the distance from the axis of rotation. Both linear
and angular momentum of a body or system of bodies are conserved ( Conservation
Laws, in physics) if no external force acts on it or them.
- Monopropellant
- A liquid propellant which contains an oxidizing agent and
combustible matter (fuel) in a single phase.
- Motion
- Motion, in Mechanics, the
change in position of one body with respect to another. The study of the motion of bodies
is called Dynamics. The time rate of linear motion in a
given direction by a body is its velocity; this rate is called the speed if the direction
is unspecified. If during a time t a body travels over a distance s, then the average
speed of that body is s/t. The change in velocity (in magnitude and/or direction) of a
body with respect to time is its acceleration.
- The relationship between Force and
motion was expressed by Isaac Newton in his three laws of
motion:
- (1) a body at rest tends to remain at rest, or a body in
motion tends to remain in motion at a constant speed in a straight line, unless acted on
by an outside force;
- (2) the acceleration a of a mass m by a force F is directly
proportional to the force and inversely proportional to the mass, or a = F/m;
- (3) for every action there is an equal and opposite reaction.
The third law implies that the total Momentum of a system
of bodies not acted on by an external force remains constant (Conservation
Laws). Motion at speeds approaching that of light must be described by the theory
of Relativity, and the motions of extremely small objects
(atoms and elementary particles) are described by quantum mechanics ( Quantum Theory).
- Motor (Rocket)
- A generic term for a solid propellant rocket consisting of the
assembled propellant, case, ignition system, nozzle and appurtenances.
- MS Connectors
- Nonelectric, short-interval (millisecond) delay devices for
use in delaying blasts that are initiated by detonating cord; Same as Detonating Cord .
- Mud Cap
- Material to be added.
- Multiple Grain
- An assembly of solid propellant grains inside an explosive
device or motor.
- Multisection Charge
- Propelling charge in separate-loading or semi-fixed ammunition
that is loaded into a number of powder bags. Range adjustments can be made by increasing
or reducing the number of bags used, as contrasted with a single-section charge in which
the size of the charge cannot be changed.
- Munroe Effect
- The jetting effect of a shaped charge. Shaped
Charge. When a liner is used, the effect is called "Mohaupt
effect", Mohaupt effect.
- The concentration of explosive action through the use of a
shaped charge. Mercury Fulminate
- Mustard Gas
- A blister gas which acts as a cell irritant and cell poison.
Contains about 30 percent sulfur impurities, giving it a pronounced odor.
- Muzzle Blast
- Sudden air pressure exerted in the vicinity of the muzzle of a
weapon by the rush of hot gases and air on firing.
- Muzzle Brake (Also called a Recoil Brake):
- Device attached to the muzzle of a gun which utilizes escaping
gases to reduce the effective recoil force of the gun tube on the carriage or mount. In
some designs, it eliminates or reduces muzzle flash.
- Muzzle Flash
- Undesirable luminous ignition of unburned propellant gases
issuing from the muzzle of a gun. The gases ignite upon mixture with atmospheric oxygen.
- Muzzle Velocity
- Speed of a projectile at the instant it leaves the muzzle of a
gun.
- Muzzle Wave
- Compression wave or reaction of the air in front of the muzzle
of a weapon immediately after firing.
................................................................................................................................................
|
